Known fungal Vaccines

	Antigens	Underlying Immunity	References
Whole Cells and Cell Extracts
Candidiasis	Strain CA2,live-attenuated	T-helper 1,cell-mediated immunity	1,2
	Genetically engineered Candida albicans tet-NRG1 strain,live-attenuated	T-cell mediated immunity	3
	Ribosomal Cell fraction	Antibodies and cell-mediated immunity	4,5
	Inactivated whole cells	Undefined	6
	Hyr1p	Cell mediated immunity	7
Blastomycosis	Strain BAD1,live-attenuated	T-helper 1,cell-mediated immunity	8
Coccidiomycosis	Inactivated spherules	T-helper 1,cell-mediated immunity	9,10
	Thimerosal-inactivated spherules (T27K)	Undefined	11
	Genetically engineered strain,live-attenuated	T-helper 1,T-helper 2,cell-mediated immunity	12
	heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HKY)	Undefined	13
Aspergillosis	Inactivated Conidia	Undefined	14
	Live attenuated conidia	Undefined	14
Histoplasmosis	Ribosomal Vaccine	Undefined	15
DNA
Coccidiomycosis	More than one gene	Undefined	16
Paracoccidiomycosis	gp43 gene	T-helper 1,T-helper 2,cell-mediated immunity	17
	HSP65 DNA	T-helper 1	18
Pneumocystosis	Kexin gene	Cell-mediated immunity and antibodies	19
Antigen-pulsed cells and T cells
Candidiasis	Dendritic cell loaded with candida antigens	T-helper 1,cell-mediated immunity	1,20,21
Aspergillus antigen-specific T cells	Dendritic cell loaded with candida antigens	T-helper 1,cell-mediated immunity	1,20,22
Coccidioimycosis	Dendritic cell based vaccine	Undefined	23
Subunit and glycoconjugates
Candidiasis	Agglutinin-like sequences	Cell-mediated immunity	24
	ecm33 mutant (RML2U)	Undefined	25,26
	Secreated aspartic proteinase2	Anti-Sap2 antibodies	27
	65 kDa mannoprotein	Adhesin-neutralizing antibodies	28
	Beta-1,3-glucan	Cell-mediated immunity	29,30
	Beta-1,2-mannosides	Antibodies(opsonophagocytic;possibly adherence-blocking)	31,32
	CR3-RP glycoconjugate	Cell-mediated immunity	33
Cryptococcosis	Capsular polysaccharides	Various mechanisms	34
	Glucuronoxylomannan-conjugated vaccine	Unknown,possibly antibodies	34
Aspergillosis	Aspergillus fumigatus antigens	Cell-mediated immunity	22,35
	Beta-1,3-glucan	Growth inhibitors,antibodies	36
Coccidiomycosis	Antigen2	Cell-mediated immunity,T-helper 1	37
	Beta-1,3-glucosyltransferases	Undefined	38
	Chimeric polyprotein	Undefined	9,39
Pneumocystosis	P55 protein(major surface glycoprotein)	Undefined,possibly antibodies	40
	Kexin protease	Cell-mediated immunity and antibodies	19
Paracoccidiomycosis	43 kDa glycoprotein	Cell-mediated immunity and antibodies	17
	HSP60	Cell-mediated immunity	41
Idiotypes and mimotopes
Candidiasis	Killer toxin neutralising mAbKT4	Fungicidal antibodies	42,43,44
Aspergillosis	Killer toxin neutralising mAbKT4	Fungicidal antibodies	45
Cryptococcosis	Glucuronoxylomannan-peptide mimotopes	Antibodies modulating cell-mediated immunity	46
	P13 peptide mimotope-protein conjugates	T-helper 1,T-helper 2,cell-mediated immunity	47
Antibodies
Candidiasis	Mycograb,anti-Hsp90 peptide	Unknown	48,49
	Anti-CA IgY	Inhibition of adhesion to host cells	50
	Anti-beta-1,3-glucan mAb 2G8	Growth-inhibitory	30,29
	mAb C7(stress mannoprotein)	Candidacidal	51
	Single chain fragment variable of anti-idiotypic antibodies	Candidacidal antibodies	45
	Anti-mannan mAb C6	Opsonophagocytic	31,32
	Anti-glycosyl mAb	Candidacidal	52
	Anti-Sap2 and anti-MP65domain antibodies	Enzyme and adhesion neutralizing	53
Cryptococcosis	Single chain fragment variable	Inhibits glucan synthase	54
	Anti-glucuronoxylomannan 18B7-mAb(murine)	Opsonophagocytic	55
	Anti-glucuronoxylomannan IgG2-mAb(human)	Opsonophagocytic	56
Histoplasmosis	Antibody against histone-like protein	Undefined	57
Synthetic, recombinant and conjugate vaccines
Candidiasis	beta-(Man)(3)-Fba,beta-(Man)(3)-Met6,beta-(Man)(3)-Hwp1,beta-(Man)(3)-Eno1,beta-(Man)(3)-Gap1,beta-(Man)(3)-Pgk1	Unknown	58
Coccidioidomycosis	Recombinant Ag2/PRA106 + CSA chimeric fusion protein (CFP) vaccine	Cell-mediated immunity	59
	Recombinant proline-rich antigen (rAg2/Pra)	T cell-mediated immunity	60
Paracoccidiomycosis	Antigenic protein (rPb27)	Cell-mediated immunity and antibodies	61

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21. Bacci A, Montagnoli C, Perruccio K, et al. Dendritic cells pulsed with fungal RNA induce protective immunity to Candida albicans in hematopoietic transplantation. J Immunol 2002; 168: 2904–13.

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25. Spellberg BJ, Ibrahim AS, Avanesian V, et al. Efficacy of the anti-candida rAls3p-N or Als1p-N vaccines against disseminated and mucosal candidiasis. J Infect Dis 2006; 194: 256–60.

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27. Cassone A, Boccanera M, Adriani D, Dantoni G, De Bernardis F. Rats clearing a vaginal infection by Candida albicans acquire specific, antibody-mediated resistance to vaginal reinfection. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 2619–24.

28. Sandini S, La Valle R, De Bernardis F, Macrì C, Cassone A. The 65 kDa mannoprotein gene of Candida albicans encodes a putative beta-glucanase adhesin required for hyphal morphogenesis and experimental pathogenicity. Cell Microbiol 2007; 9: 1223–38.

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31. Cutler JE. Defi ning criteria for anti-mannan antibodies to protect against candidiasis. Curr Mol Med 2005; 5: 383–92.

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43. Polonelli L, De Bernardis F, Conti S, et al. Idiotypic intravaginal vaccination to protect against candidal vaginitis by secretory yeast killer toxin-like anti-idiotype antibodies. J Immunol 1994; 152: 3175–82.

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FungalRV